Outline
Does Music Therapy During Pregnancy Increase the Intelligence of a child ?
Outline
1. Introduction
a)Background, Anecdotes that inspired the Thesis.
b) Introduction to Main Thesis
c) Introduction to Core Supporting Ideas
2. Body Section 1 – Music is Mathematical
a) Music is essentially mathematical in nature and has a tremendous organizing impact on the brain.
b) The study of the mathematics of music began as far back as Ancient Greece. Don Campbell first championed the “Mozart Effect” on the brain.
c) References:
i.) Plato (trans. Desmond Lee) The Republic, Harmondsworth Penguin 1974, page 340.
iii.) Campbell, Don. The Mozart Effect : tapping the power of music to heal the body, strengthen the mind, and unlock the creative spirit (1st ed.). 1997,New York: Avon Books. ISBN 978-0380974184.
3. Body Section 2 – Music as Therapy
a) Music has been used as therapy and to temporarily improve learning performance of developed children.
b) Dr. Alfred Tomatis discovered classical music could help with dyslexia and A.D.D. Many researchers have since established that positive, energetic music generally improves learning, even after development. Children who have musical training consistently do better on testing.
c) References:
i.) Thompson, Billie M.; Andrews, Susan R. "An historical commentary on the physiological effects of music: Tomatis, Mozart and neuropsychology". Integrative Physiological and Behavioral Science. 2000, p 174-188.
ii.) Rauscher, Frances H.; Shaw, Gordon L.; Ky, Catherine N. "Music and spatial task performance". Nature. Vol 365, doi:10.1038/365611a0.
iii.) Thompson, W.F., Schellenberg, E.G. & Husain, G. "Arousal, mood, and the Mozart effect". Psychological Science. Vol 12(3), p 248–251. doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00345.
iv.) Frances Rauscher, Ph.D., Gordon Shaw, Ph.D., University of California, Irvine, 1997
v.) Jeffrey Lynn Kluball, University of Sarasota study, Daryl Erick Trent, East Texas State University Study,
vi.) College-Bound Seniors National Report: Profile of SAT Program Test Takers. Princeton , NJ : The College Entrance Examination Board, 2001
vii.) https://brenda-myers.squarespace.com/data-studies
4. Body Section 3 – Music & the Fetus
a) Music Aids the Development of a Fetus’ Brain.
b) Music improves the health of a fetus. The brains of musicians show higher development in areas associated with learning. Music helps the physical development of neurons.
c) References:
i.) G. Schlaug, L. Jancke, Y. Huang, and H. Steinmetz . “In vivo morphometry of interhemispheric asymmetry and connectivity in musicians.” In I. Deliege (Ed.), Proceedings of the 3rd international conference for music perception and cognition, 1994, p. 417-418.
ii.) Grażyna Gebuza, Agnieszka Dombrowska, Marzena Kaźmierczak, Małgorzata Gierszewska & Estera Mieczkowska. “The effect of music therapy on the cardiac activity parameters of a fetus in a cardiotocographic examination.” The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, vol. 30, no. 20, 2017, p. 2440-2445. DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2016.1253056
iii.) HajimeFukui & KumikoToyoshima.” Music facilitate the neurogenesis, regeneration and repair of neurons”, 2008, page 4. DOI: 10.1016
iv.) Tsunetake Miyamura, Hideaki Masuzaki, Kazuyo Oishi Kazuyuki Shinohara,”Fetal Response to Mozart’s Music”, 2010, p. 7-13, doi.org/10.11343/amn.55.7
5. Counter Evidence – Some researchers complain about only temporary improvement in developed children.
II. Conclusion
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